Who are some athletes who have used hypnosis?

Here are notable athletes across sports who have publicly used hypnosis (or hypnotherapy/mental-rehearsal techniques often described as hypnosis) to improve performance, recover from injury, or manage stress. I list the athlete, sport, and a brief note about how they used hypnosis.

  • Tiger Woods — Golf
    Used visualization and mental-conditioning techniques; reports indicate he worked with mental coaches who used hypnotic/visualization methods to build focus and pre-shot routine.

  • Jack Nicklaus — Golf
    Discussed the use of mental rehearsal and relaxation techniques; Nicklaus has commented on visualization-like methods similar to hypnotic rehearsal before shots.

  • Michael Jordan — Basketball
    Jordan used sports psychologists and mental-rehearsal strategies; some accounts say he used guided imagery/hypnosis-style techniques to prepare for big games.

  • Novak Djokovic — Tennis
    Works with mental coaches and uses deep relaxation, breathing, and visualization methods; Djokovic has described meditative and mental training practices akin to hypnosis for focus and recovery.

  • Rafael Nadal — Tennis
    Uses mental routines, breathing and imagery; his team has used mental-conditioning approaches that include guided focus and relaxation.

  • Lindsey Vonn — Alpine skiing
    Has worked with sports psychologists and used visualization/hypnosis-style mental training to prepare for races and recover from injury.

  • Joe Namath — American football (NFL)
    Famously used a hypnotist early in his career to help with performance anxiety and concentration.

  • Sandy Koufax — Baseball
    Known to have used hypnosis (or hypnotic relaxation) for control of nerves and to improve pitching focus.

  • Jerry West — Basketball
    Reportedly used hypnosis to improve free-throw shooting and concentration.

  • Muhammad Ali — Boxing
    Used strong mental imagery and affirmation techniques; some reports indicate he worked with coaches who used hypnosis-like suggestion and visualization.

  • Chris Evert — Tennis
    Used relaxation and visualization techniques as part of her mental-training routine; cited hypnotic-type guided imagery at times.

  • Paula Radcliffe — Marathon running
    Used mental training, visualization and relaxation techniques (including hypnotherapy) to manage pain and prepare mentally for races.

  • Jana Novotná — Tennis
    Worked with mental coaches and used guided imagery/hypnosis-like methods to regain confidence after setbacks.

  • Billy Jean King — Tennis
    Employed mental-training methods such as relaxation and imagery; has spoken about psychological preparation that includes hypnotic-style techniques.

  • Bobby Riggs — Tennis
    Known to have used hypnosis in his promotional and performance preparation.

Notes and caveats:

  • Many modern elite athletes use sports psychologists who employ cognitive-behavioral techniques, guided imagery, deep relaxation, and hypnosis or hypnotherapy. In public accounts these methods sometimes blur together (visualization, meditation, guided imagery, suggestion), so descriptions may vary.

  • Some athletes explicitly say “hypnosis” or “hypnotherapy”; others describe techniques (visualization, mental rehearsal, guided relaxation) that are functionally similar and are sometimes labeled hypnosis by journalists or coaches.


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